Indian Constitution Research Paper Topics

India’s Constitution is the world’s longest written national constitution and a living document shaped by amendments, landmark judgments, and public movements since 1950. We at TopicSuggestions write as a research team that works with students across law, political science, and public policy, and we know that picking a focused, feasible topic is half the work.

Today we will come up with some ideas for you: our aim is to offer precise, research-ready topics that you can realistically explore within a semester and turn into solid papers.

Best Indian Constitution Research Paper Titles

We’ll map options across foundational principles and drafting history, fundamental rights and remedies, institutions and federalism, amendments and reform debates, case-law–driven studies, and comparative or interdisciplinary angles—so you can scan, choose, and start researching with confidence.

1. From Ice Wagons to Redlines: Tracing Pre-Refrigeration Supply Chains and Thermal Inequity in US Cities, 1890–1950

We pose research questions about whether pre-refrigeration ice distribution shaped later spatial inequities. We reconstruct icehouse locations, wagon routes, and delivery franchises from city directories and Sanborn maps and ask how we can model neighborhood-level access to cold storage before electric refrigeration. We test whether areas underserved by ice delivery align with HOLC redlining grades and present-day urban heat exposure and heat mortality. We examine how we can detect corporate lobbying by ice companies in municipal minutes and whether we can link that to early utility zoning and public health ordinances.

2. Hearing the Silence: Reconstructing Occupational Hearing Loss Among Civil War Artillerymen and Its Legacy in Labor Policy

We extract hearing-related disabilities from Union and Confederate pension files to estimate incidence by unit type, gun caliber, and duration of service. We test how we can connect artillery-related hearing loss to postwar employment trajectories in industrial settings using city directories and veterans’ homes records. We analyze whether petitions, veterans’ newspapers, and early medical board rulings informed state workers’ compensation debates and mine/mill noise regulations. We compare patterns we find with non-artillery veterans to isolate artillery-specific risk.

3. Brass Tokens, Soft Credit: Chinese Laundry Tokens as Community Credit Instruments, 1870–1920

We catalog laundry tokens across cities and ask how we can reconstruct their circulation as quasi-currency within and beyond Chinese immigrant communities. We model credit networks linking laundries, wholesalers, and customers (including Black and Mexican American neighborhoods) and test whether token usage buffered households during recessions and anti-Chinese boycotts. We evaluate how municipal anti-laundry ordinances and licensing regimes disrupted token-based credit and whether we can observe substitution into other informal instruments. We compare what we find to company scrip systems in mining towns to assess convergent credit practices.

4. Lost Letters, Policed Intimacy: Quantifying Moral Surveillance via the U.S. Dead Letter Office, 1860–1910

We mine Dead Letter Office registers and Inspector reports to quantify categories of undeliverable or confiscated mail related to “improper” content, languages, and addressing practices. We examine whether we can link DLO interceptions to postal prosecutions under obscenity, lottery, and anti-vice statutes and to police raids in immigrant and queer enclaves. We test spatial variations by postal district to see how local moral reform groups influenced federal screening. We ask how we can recover voices from destroyed or returned correspondence through sender/recipient metadata and newspaper reprint practices.

5. Rails, Hooves, and Havoc: Linking Bison Eradication to Railroad Accident Ecology on the Great Plains, 1865–1895

We test whether the rapid removal of bison altered grassland fire regimes, predator-prey patterns, and livestock movements in ways that changed railroad accident profiles. We integrate ICC accident reports, railroad company logs, insurance premiums, and wildlife proxies (hide counts, military reports) to model correlations with derailments, track fires, and livestock collisions. We examine how we can separate effects of hunting, fencing, and cattle substitution on right-of-way hazards. We assess whether routes traversing former high-bison-density corridors show distinct safety investments or operational changes.

6. Bread, Credit, and Freedom: Grocers’ Ledgers and Food Access in Reconstruction-Era Black Towns

We digitize grocers’ ledgers from majority-Black municipalities to reconstruct household diets, credit terms, and supplier chains from 1866–1885. We test how we can link food access volatility to labor contracts, crop liens, and seasonal migration using tax rolls and Freedmen’s Bureau records. We examine associations we can detect between neighborhood food credit availability and school attendance, voter turnout, and mutual aid participation. We compare Black-owned and white-owned grocers’ pricing and credit practices to evaluate differential exposure to price shocks.

7. Sirens of the Heartland: The Sonic Politics of Tornado Alerts and Civil Defense, 1947–1975

We map procurement and siting of sirens across Midwestern and Southern cities to ask how civil defense priorities intersected with tornado risk mitigation. We analyze complaint logs, sound propagation studies, and drill participation to see whether we can detect inequities in audibility by race and class. We test how we can link siren governance (police, fire, civil defense boards) to inclusion or exclusion of Black neighborhoods in alert coverage. We evaluate how siren narratives in local media shaped public trust during nuclear drills versus severe weather events.

8. Silent Networks, Loud Policies: Alumni of Deaf Schools and the Making of New Deal Disability Programs

We reconstruct career networks of state deaf school alumni and faculty to investigate how we can trace their pathways into federal and state bureaucracies in the 1930s. We analyze correspondence, memos, and association proceedings to test whether conceptions of employability and accommodation migrated from deaf education into Social Security and vocational rehabilitation policy. We compare how we can differentiate the influence of deaf versus blind advocacy networks on program design and eligibility language. We assess whether alumni clusters correlate with regional policy implementation differences.

9. Seeds of Citizenship: Women’s Club Seed Exchanges and Urban Ecology, 1890–1930

We recover seed exchange networks from women’s club minutes, horticultural columns, and mail-order records to examine how we can map plant flows across neighborhoods. We test whether exchange hubs correlate with early urban biodiversity patches (pollinators, street tree survival) using herbarium sheets and park reports. We analyze how we can link participation in seed exchanges to suffrage campaigns, school garden movements, and public sanitation drives. We evaluate whether the species mix we observe anticipates later native-plant ordinances or, conversely, urban invasives.

10. Shelterbelts and Sovereignty: Indigenous Windbreak Knowledge in the Prairie States Forestry Project, 1935–1942

We document knowledge exchanges between tribal farmers and USDA foresters to ask how we can trace Indigenous techniques in shelterbelt design and maintenance. We test whether shelterbelts on or near reservations show different survival rates, erosion outcomes, and species choices than non-reservation projects. We analyze how land tenure and sovereignty shaped siting decisions, labor payments, and postwar maintenance responsibilities. We evaluate how we can use oral histories and agency records to reconstruct co-production of environmental knowledge in New Deal conservation.

11. Constitutional Design for Algorithmic Governance in India

We propose a study of how existing constitutional doctrines (fundamental rights, separation of powers, administrative law) should be reinterpreted to regulate state use of algorithmic decision-making.
We ask: How do Article 14 and Article 21 presently map onto algorithmic opacity and automated profiling by state agencies?
We ask: What constitutional limits should exist on automated administrative adjudication and predictive policing under Indian law?
We ask: Can a doctrine of “algorithmic reason” be developed from existing judicial review principles to require explainability and auditability?
We will map legal doctrine to technical features, conduct case studies of government programs using algorithms, interview bureaucrats and technologists, and draft a normative framework with model constitutional tests for Indian courts.

12. Climate Migration within India: Federalism, Refugee Law and the Indian Constitution

We propose examining internal climate-displacement as a constitutional problem intersecting state obligations, inter-state water disputes, and social welfare entitlements.
We ask: How do Union and State constitutional responsibilities allocate liability and relief for climate-induced internal migrants?
We ask: What novel readings of Article 21 and Directive Principles can ground positive rights for internally displaced persons in India?
We will combine climatological displacement projections with doctrinal analysis, compile interstate case patterns, and propose legislative and constitutional amendment options to create an intra-national protection regime.

13. Municipal Charters as Micro-Constitutions: Reconceptualising Local Constitutionalism in India

We propose treating municipal charters and city bylaws as micro-constitutional documents that test the distribution of governance power under the Constitution.
We ask: How can Part IX-A be interpreted to strengthen municipal autonomy without violating state competence under the Seventh Schedule?
We ask: What constitutional mechanisms can protect urban minorities and informal settlers through municipal lawmaking?
We will undertake comparative fieldwork in three metropolitan municipalities, analyze charters and litigation, and suggest model municipal charter clauses and a constitutional interpretive toolkit.

14. Constitutional Regulation of River Interlinking and Interstate Environmental Justice

We propose a constitutional study of large water infrastructure projects with focus on federal allocation, environmental rights, and tribal land protections.
We ask: How should the Constitution mediate conflicts between national infrastructure objectives and rights of riparian states and communities?
We ask: Can constitutional environmental rights impose substantive distributional duties on the Union when proposing interlinking projects?
We will analyze existing interstate water tribunals, environmental impact assessments, and relevant case law to draft a constitutional adjudication protocol for interstate water projects.

15. Gig Economy, Platform Work and Constitutional Social Rights in India

We propose mapping constitutional labour protections and welfare obligations onto platform-mediated work to generate rights-based regulation for gig workers.
We ask: How can Article 21, Article 41 and labour jurisprudence be invoked to secure minimum social protections for dependent contractors?
We ask: What constitutional tests should courts use to determine state obligation to regulate platforms that displace formal employment?
We will combine doctrinal analysis, empirical surveys of gig workers, and policy design to propose constitutional and statutory benchmarks for platform accountability.

16. Aadhaar, Cross-border Data Flows and Constitutional Privacy: A New Jurisdictional Puzzle

We propose assessing constitutional privacy and informational self-determination in scenarios where Aadhaar-linked data are transferred to foreign entities (cloud, fintech).
We ask: How does the right to privacy constrain state-facilitated cross-border data sharing of identification records?
We ask: What jurisdictional or treaty mechanisms are constitutionally permissible to regulate foreign access to Aadhaar-derived profiling?
We will trace legal incidents of data export, analyze privacy jurisprudence, consult data-protection technical experts, and draft constitutional safeguards for extraterritorial data flows.

17. Constitutional Accommodation of Indigenous Customary Criminal Procedures

We propose exploring how indigenous customary dispute-resolution practices can be constitutionally integrated without sacrificing procedural fairness guaranteed by the criminal procedure code and the Constitution.
We ask: What minimum constitutional safeguards must be maintained if customary communities adjudicate crimes on their lands?
We ask: Can Part III rights be harmonized with restorative justice models entrenched in tribal customs?
We will conduct ethnographic fieldwork in selected Scheduled Areas, compare customary procedures with constitutional guarantees, and propose statutory models for recognition with built-in procedural safeguards.

18. Constitutional Semiotics: How Amendment Language Signals Political Compromise and Predicts Judicial Interpretation

We propose a linguistically informed constitutional study that correlates phrasing choices in amendment texts with subsequent interpretive patterns by the Supreme Court.
We ask: Can specific semantic markers in amendment preambles and clauses predict narrower or broader judicial readings over time?
We ask: How do legislative drafting conventions function as constitutional signals that shape institutional behavior?
We will build a corpus of amendment texts, perform computational text analysis, and correlate linguistic features with case law outcomes to theorize a semiotic model of constitutional amendment interpretation.

19. Digital Public Infrastructure as Constitutional Public Goods: Normative and Doctrinal Foundations

We propose treating emerging digital public infrastructures (e.g., UPI, DIGI locker) as constitutional public goods and testing how existing doctrines (rights, directive principles, fiscal federalism) apply.
We ask: What constitutional obligations arise when the state builds and operates digital platforms that mediate access to rights and services?
We ask: How should courts adjudicate privatized delivery through state-built digital infrastructure under Article 14 and Article 21?
We will analyze case law, interview policymakers, and draft a constitutional framework that defines duty, liability and oversight mechanisms for digital public infrastructure.

20. Social Media as a Legislative Actor: Constitutional Limits on Law-making through Executive Notifications and Platform Codes

We propose investigating the constitutional implications when policy choices are effectively made by platforms and rapid executive notifications rather than primary legislation.
We ask: When do executive rules and platform moderation codes cross the constitutional line into impermissible law-making?
We ask: What procedural and substantive safeguards should the Constitution require for delegated regulatory regimes mediated by private platforms?
We will compile instances of policy shifts effected through platform rules and executive notifications, perform doctrinal analysis on delegation doctrine and non-delegation principles, and propose constitutional redlines and legislative templates to restore democratic accountability.

21. Constitutional AI Safeguards: Drafting an Article for Algorithmic Rights and Duties

We ask: (a) How can I map existing fundamental rights to automated decision-making contexts? (b) What minimum procedural safeguards should a constitutional AI clause mandate? (c) How can I design enforceable duties for private algorithmic actors under constitutional law?
We will combine doctrinal analysis of judgments with comparative constitutional models, stakeholder interviews (regulators, civil society, platform engineers), and a model constitutional draft tested against hypothetical cases.

22. Embedding Climate Adaptation Duties in Federal Obligations: A Constitutional Design Study

We ask: (a) How can I constitutionally allocate adaptation responsibilities between Union and States without upsetting fiscal federalism? (b) What enforcement mechanisms can ensure compliance with adaptation duties? (c) How would judicial review operate over adaptation planning?
We will analyze budgetary and legislative data, perform comparative constitutional case studies, conduct interviews with state environment departments, and propose amendment language plus implementation pathways.

23. Digital Residency vs. Citizenship: Constitutional Implications of Non-citizen Digital Access

We ask: (a) Can I craft a constitutional-compatible legal status for digital residents that preserves core civic rights? (b) How would digital residency affect taxation, welfare eligibility, and electoral integrity? (c) What limits should constitutional doctrine place on cross-border digital entitlements?
We will study international e‑residency models, map constitutional constraints (citizenship clauses), run policy simulations on fiscal/electoral effects, and present statutory drafting options.

24. Legal Pluralism for Urban Commons: Constitutional Recognition of Informal City Commons

We ask: (a) How can I reconcile constitutional property and municipal powers to legally recognize urban customary commons (markets, ghats, lanes)? (b) What redress and governance structures are constitutionally feasible for commons users? (c) How would recognition affect eviction jurisprudence?
We will conduct field mapping of urban commons, combine ethnographic case studies with municipal law analysis, and draft model municipal-constitutional instruments and pilot governance frameworks.

25. Platform Workers and Article 21: Reconstructing Labour Rights for Gig Economy Realities

We ask: (a) Can I reinterpret dignity and livelihood under Article 21 to secure social security for platform workers? (b) What constitutional basis exists for collective bargaining rights against algorithmic management? (c) How should liability for algorithmic harm be allocated?
We will survey platform workers, analyze case law and labour statutes, use comparative reforms (EU/Latin America), and propose doctrinal arguments and legislative templates.

26. Algorithmic Access to Justice: Reimagining Writ Jurisdiction with Technology-Assisted Triage

We ask: (a) How can I design algorithmic triage tools that respect Article 32 procedural safeguards? (b) What constitutional limits should govern automated filtering of public interest litigation? (c) How do transparency and auditability requirements translate into constitutional standards?
We will prototype triage algorithms on anonymized petitions, evaluate accuracy and bias, pair technical audits with legal norm-setting, and recommend procedural rules for adoption by courts.

27. Constitutional Response to Cyber Attacks on Hydrosystems: Rights, Obligations and Interstate Security

We ask: (a) Can I classify cyber-attacks on water infrastructure as constitutional threats justifying federal intervention? (b) What duty of protection do States owe to downstream communities under constitutional guarantees? (c) How should liability and compensation be structured across federal and private actors?
We will collaborate with cybersecurity experts, map legal responsibilities across statutes and federalism, develop constitutional tests for emergency intervention, and draft model response protocols.

28. Intergenerational Equity Clauses and Constitutional Fiscal Rules for Sustainable Debt

We ask: (a) How can I constitutionally limit state borrowing to protect intergenerational equity while respecting democratic fiscal choices? (b) What institutional enforcement (fiscal councils, sunset clauses) is constitutionally viable? (c) How would such clauses interact with existing centre-state fiscal architecture?
We will perform economic modelling of debt trajectories, comparative constitutional analysis of fiscal rules, design institutional mechanisms, and simulate policy outcomes on development spending.

29. Constitutional Accommodation of Nomadic Communities: Mobility, Identity and Political Representation

We ask: (a) How can I adapt citizenship documentation and electoral representation to protect mobile nomadic communities under the Constitution? (b) What land-use and welfare rights can be constitutionally recognized without fixed-territorial prerequisites? (c) How should reservations or representation be designed for non-territorial peoples?
We will undertake ethnographic fieldwork, analyze constitutional identity clauses, prototype identity and voting mechanisms (mobile registration), and draft legal recognition frameworks with participatory validation.

30. Constitutional Impact Assessment for Urban Surveillance: Procedural Tests for Smart City Technologies

We ask: (a) What constitutionally required impact-assessment procedures should precede deployment of facial recognition and pervasive sensors? (b) How can I operationalize proportionality, non-discrimination and redress in urban surveillance policy? (c) What institutional oversight architecture is compatible with constitutional separation of powers?
We will audit existing smart-city deployments, develop a constitutional impact-assessment toolkit, conduct legal and technical pilot assessments, and recommend statutory oversight and remedy mechanisms.

31. Algorithmic transparency and Article 21: Evaluating constitutional duties for state predictive welfare systems

We propose a doctrinal‑empirical study testing whether Article 21 imposes enforceable duties of algorithmic transparency and auditability when states use predictive models to allocate welfare benefits.
We frame the research questions:
– To what extent does Article 21 require disclosure of algorithmic logic, training data provenance, or audit trails for state welfare systems?
– What procedural remedy (notice, explanation, independent audit) best satisfies due process in algorithmic decision‑making under Indian constitutional norms?
– How do existing Indian judgments on administrative fairness translate into technical standards for model interpretability and contestability?
We will map state deployments via RTI/FOI requests, perform technical audits on available models (with ethical clearances), combine doctrinal analysis of case law, and conduct interviews with affected beneficiaries and public officials.

32. Epigenetic data, privacy and Article 21: constitutional protection of non-static biological information

We propose to examine whether constitutional privacy under Article 21 protects epigenetic and longitudinal biological markers differently from static genetic markers, especially in public health surveillance and employment.
We frame the research questions:
– Does constitutional privacy extend to epigenetic data that reflects lifestyle, environment and is temporally dynamic?
– How should the state balance public health imperatives (screening, surveillance) with constitutional safeguards for epigenetic information?
– What regulatory and remedial architecture (consent, data minimization, compensation) aligns with Article 21 for epigenetic governance?
We will combine doctrinal analysis, comparative study of GDPR/biolaw, stakeholder interviews (clinicians, affected communities), and design normatively grounded policy proposals.

33. Federalism of pandemic exit strategies: constitutional limits on state ‘smart lockdown’ surveillance

We propose to map how Indian federal constitutional principles constrain state experimentation with digitally enabled, localized lockdowns that use surveillance and mobility data.
We frame the research questions:
– Under the Constitution, what are the division of competence and limits on state use of mobility surveillance for targeted lockdowns?
– What proportionality framework should courts apply to reconcile public health measures with fundamental rights during exit phases?
– How did different state-level orders fare against constitutional tests of necessity, proportionality and procedural safeguards?
We will collect and code pandemic orders and surveillance modalities, perform spatial and temporal GIS analysis of restrictions, and do doctrinal review of emergency jurisprudence and state practices.

34. Multilingual AI translation in courts: realizing the right to fair trial in a stratified linguistic public sphere

We propose to study whether and how the right to fair trial implies entitlement to certified machine translation services in lower courts and tribunals for linguistic minorities.
We frame the research questions:
– Does access to accurate AI translation constitute an aspect of reasonable access to justice under Article 21 and Articles 14/39A?
– What accuracy, validation, and oversight thresholds should the Constitution demand for AI translations used in evidence and hearings?
– How can judicial procedures and accreditation be designed to integrate human‑in‑the‑loop AI translators while preserving fair trial guarantees?
We will pilot AI translation tools in selected courts with ethics approvals, measure error profiles and litigant comprehension, and integrate doctrinal and comparative analysis to recommend procedural rules.

35. Reconciling customary tribal land claims with urban redevelopment: constitutional remedies under Article 300A and Sixth Schedule protections

We propose a focused study on constitutional techniques to reconcile urban redevelopment projects with customary land rights of communities absorbed by expanding municipalities.
We frame the research questions:
– How can Article 300A and Schedule provisions be interpreted to protect customary tenure when municipal redevelopment threatens dispossession?
– What constitutionally permissible compensation and participatory remedies can be designed to reflect both property and cultural rights?
– Can a doctrinally coherent remedy package (injunctive, restitution, community trust models) be drawn from existing jurisprudence?
We will conduct fieldwork in affected urbanizing blocks, analyze land records and municipal plans, and craft doctrinally grounded policy instruments and litigation strategies.

36. Private detention, contractual delegation and Article 21: constitutional accountability for non-state incarceration

We propose to investigate constitutional limits and remedial frameworks where the state delegates detention (pretrial, immigration, rehabilitation) to private entities under contracts.
We frame the research questions:
– Is non‑state detention compatible with Article 21 absent specific statutory safeguards and oversight?
– What contractual and constitutional accountability mechanisms (inspectors, judicial review, statutory ceilings) satisfy fundamental rights norms?
– How should remedial standing and damages be structured where private actors commit constitutional violations?
We will gather contractual documents, conduct site visits, analyze comparative models, and propose a model statutory oversight and remedy regime.

37. AI‑assisted amici curiae: constitutional and procedural implications of machine‑generated briefs before the Supreme Court

We propose to study how AI‑assisted or machine‑generated amicus briefs influence judicial deliberation, disclosure norms, and the quality of constitutional adjudication.
We frame the research questions:
– How do AI‑assisted amici affect the substance and persuasiveness of arguments in constitutional litigation?
– What disclosure and certification rules should courts require for algorithmically prepared amici to preserve adjudicative integrity?
– Can computational analysis detect systematic bias or source opacity in AI‑assisted submissions that would raise Article 14/21 concerns?
We will compile amicus filings, apply NLP to detect stylistic/argumentative markers, interview judges/clerksto assess influence, and draft procedural reform proposals.

38. Green fiscal federalism and constitutional tax limits: permissibility of state carbon pricing within Article 265

We propose an analysis of whether and how states can design carbon pricing and tradable permits without breaching Article 265 (no taxation without law) and federal fiscal principles.
We frame the research questions:
– Can states constitutionally implement market‑based environmental levies or permit schemes absent central legislation, and under what legal form (fee, cess, regulatory charge)?
– How do principles of equalization, intergovernmental externalities, and constitutional tax design constrain state carbon markets?
– What institutional architecture (consent, revenue sharing, harmonization) best reconciles environmental federalism with constitutional tax doctrine?
We will conduct doctrinal tax analysis, model fiscal impacts across states, and draft constitutional‑compliant legislative templates for state carbon instruments.

39. Constitutional recognition of maritime nomadic communities: citizenship, domicile and welfare in India’s EEZ

We propose to explore constitutional gaps for sea‑nomad communities (fishing nomads, boat dwellers) whose livelihoods and habitation are maritime, examining how Indian constitutional law addresses domicile, welfare entitlement and jurisdiction.
We frame the research questions:
– Do constitutional concepts of domicile and state welfare entitlements adequately cover populations living primarily at sea or seasonally mobile in India’s maritime zones?
– What jurisdictional and administrative reforms are required to ensure Article 21 and Directive Principles reach maritime nomadic communities?
– How can identity, registration and delivery of services be constitutionally reimagined for non‑land‑based populations?
We will undertake ethnographic fieldwork, legal mapping of administrative practices, and propose amendments to registration, welfare and maritime governance to fill constitutional lacunae.

40. Transitional restitution for princely‑era dispossessions: designing constitutionally valid remedy schemes under Articles 142/32

We propose a study on whether and how the Constitution can support restitution or restorative remedies for dispossessions arising during princely integrations and colonial transfers, addressing historical injustice within current constitutional remedial tools.
We frame the research questions:
– Can courts deploy Articles 32 and 142 to order restitution or innovative remedies for historical dispossessions linked to princely states without statutory backing?
– What evidentiary, procedural and distributive criteria should govern quasi‑restitution schemes to satisfy rule of law and equality norms?
– How might a constitutionally permissible legislative framework for transitional restitution be drafted to balance finality, fiscal constraints and restorative justice?
We will carry out archival research on princely transfers, model legal remedies based on comparative transitional justice, and design procedural and legislative blueprints consistent with constitutional doctrine.

41. Algorithmic Governance and the Indian Constitution: Reconciling Due Process with Automated Decision-Making

We propose to investigate how constitutional doctrines of due process, equality and free speech apply to state use of algorithms; Research questions: How do Article 14 and Article 21 protect against opaque algorithmic decisions? What procedural safeguards would satisfy constitutional minimalism in automated welfare allocation? How can auditability and explainability be constitutionally mandated without undermining proprietary algorithms? We will work by mapping landmark judgments to algorithmic failure modes, conducting interviews with administrative officers, and designing draft constitutional-compliant algorithmic safeguards followed by legal plausibility testing.

42. Climate Migration, Federalism and the Right to Residence: A Constitutional Inquiry

We will examine constitutional tensions created by internal climate migrants and state allocation of resources; Research questions: Does the Constitution implicitly guarantee a right to climate-based relocation within India? How should centre-state fiscal arrangements under Articles 280 and 293 adapt to predictable climate displacement? What constitutional mechanisms ensure interstate fairness when climate migrants strain urban services? We plan to analyze climate projections, correlate them with migration patterns, review jurisprudence on freedom of movement and residence, and propose amendment or policy models consistent with federal principles.

43. Customary Tribal Law, Digital Identity (Aadhaar) and Constitutional Pluralism

We propose to study frictions between communal customary governance and individual-centric digital identity regimes; Research questions: How do Aadhaar-based individual rights conflict with customary collective rights of tribal communities? Can constitutional pluralism accommodate both data sovereignty of communities and state administrative needs? What safeguards are constitutionally required to prevent erosion of customary dispute resolution? We will combine ethnographic fieldwork in tribal areas, legal doctrinal analysis of Articles 244/275, and policy design exercises proposing community-controlled identity architectures.

44. Municipal Micro-Constitutions: Smart City Charters and Local Constitutionalism

We will explore whether smart city governance charters create de facto micro-constitutional orders under the larger Constitution; Research questions: Do municipal charters in smart cities implicate constitutional limits on delegation and democratic control? How compatible are algorithmic traffic-control rules and surveillance in smart cities with privacy and liberty guarantees? What normative framework should guide municipal experimentation without breaching fundamental rights? We plan to audit existing smart city contracts, map them to municipal law and constitutional limits, and draft prototype charter clauses that respect constitutional checks.

45. Constitutional Accommodation of Gig Economy Workers: Rethinking Labour Rights under Article 21

We will investigate whether the gig economy requires reinterpretation of constitutional labour protections; Research questions: Can precarious platform work be read as a breach of dignity and livelihood under Article 21? What positive obligations do state and courts have to regulate platforms for substantive equality under Article 14? How might constitutional jurisprudence recognize collective bargaining for algorithmically managed work? We will conduct empirical surveys of gig workers, legal analysis of labour-case precedents, and formulate test cases and model legislation consistent with constitutional duties.

46. Corpus Constitutionalism: Using Computational Text Analysis to Detect Biases and Lacunae in the Constitution and Judgments

We propose to apply NLP and corpus analysis to reveal latent patterns in constitutional text and case law; Research questions: What lexical, semantic or framing biases exist in the constitutional text and high court/SC judgments across eras? Can computational methods identify under-enforced constitutional promises (e.g., distributive rights)? How can such insights guide targeted reform? We will build annotated corpora of judgments, run topic modelling and sentiment analysis across time, and triangulate computational findings with doctrinal critique and reform proposals.

47. Blockchain Land Registries and Article 300A: Property, State Liability and Immutable Records

We will analyze constitutional consequences of adopting immutable blockchain land records for property rights and state liability; Research questions: Does immutability of blockchain records conflict with judicial remedies for erroneous state action under Article 300A? How should the state balance finality of records with procedural fairness and rectification? What constitutional standards should govern private-public blockchain consortia managing land titles? We will model legal dispute scenarios, consult comparative implementations, and propose constitutional safeguards and statutory remedies.

48. Emergency Powers, Hybrid Warfare and Cyber-Emergencies: Constitutional Limits in the Digital Age

We propose to study whether existing emergency provisions adequately address sustained cyber-attacks and information-domain hybrid warfare; Research questions: Can the President or state governments validly invoke Article 352 for prolonged cyber disruptions? What proportionality and review mechanisms should apply to digital censorship imposed during such emergencies? How do federalism constraints operate when cyber-attacks target cross-border infrastructure? We will analyze doctrinal emergency jurisprudence, construct hypothetical cyber-emergency scenarios, and draft constitutional-legal frameworks for digital emergency limits.

49. The Right to Repair and the Indian Constitution: Consumer Autonomy, State Duty and Environmental Justice

We will explore constitutional justification for a right to repair for durable goods under Article 21 and environmental norms; Research questions: Can denial of repairability be framed as an infringement of dignity or livelihood? What positive obligations arise for the state to regulate manufacturers to ensure repair rights for marginalized communities? How does right to repair intersect with intellectual property and trade obligations under the Constitution? We will combine doctrinal analysis, stakeholder interviews (consumers, repairers, manufacturers), and policy drafting aimed at constitutional-compliant repair rights.

50. Language Technology, Minority Languages and Equal Citizenship: Constitutional Duties in an AI-Mediated Linguistic Landscape

We propose to evaluate constitutional obligations toward linguistic minorities in the context of dominant language AI systems; Research questions: Do state obligations under Article 29/30 extend to ensuring access to government AI services in minority languages? How should the state prioritize resource allocation for language technology to prevent digital marginalization? What legal remedies should exist when AI systems systematically disadvantage speakers of certain languages? We will perform field surveys of language access to e-governance tools, technical evaluation of speech/NLP models for low-resource languages, and propose constitutional policy measures for equitable language technology deployment.